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Chemistry - Mass Number
The MASS NUMBER, A, equals the sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus.
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Chemistry - Molarity
M: Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
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Chemistry - Homogeneous Equilibria
Equilibria that involve only a single phase.
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Chemistry - Beta Particles
BETA particles are the same as electrons, but originate from within the nucleus and have the nuclear symbol: 0 e -1
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Chemistry - Chemical Thermodynamics
CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS (thermo = heat, dynamics = movement, so, heat movement) is the study of energy and its interconversions.
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Chemistry - Exothermic Change
EXOTHERMIC change is one in which thermal energy is given off. The temperature of the system goes up.
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Chemistry - Electrons
ELECTRONS are extremely small particles (much smaller than an atom) with a unit negative charge.
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Chemistry - Mass%
MASS % is the ratio of the mass of a component to the total mass of a sample times 100. Mass % = (# g solute / # g solution) x 100.
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Chemistry - Dilute Solutions
DILUTE solutions have a relatively small amount of solute.
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Chemistry - 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS: In any spontaneous process there is always an increase in the entropy of the universe
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Chemistry - Chemical Kinetics
CHEMICAL KINETICS is the study of how fast reactions occur.
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Chemistry - Homogeneous Mixtures
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES have only one phase. They have the same properties throughout a sample, although the properties of different samples may be different.
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Chemistry - Concentrated solutions
CONCENTRATED solutions have a relatively large amount of solute.
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Chemistry - Surroundings
SURROUNDINGS: Everything outside of the system under study.
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Chemistry - Strong Bases
The hydroxides of all IA metals and of Ca, Sr, Ba, (and Ra) in Group IIA are strong electrolytes.
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Chemistry - Strong electrolytes
Completely ionized in solution - in the conductivity apparatus, the light is bright.
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Chemistry - Unsaturated Solutions
UNSATURATED solutions contain a lower concentration of solute than a saturated solution.
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Chemistry - Spontaneous Change
SPONTANEOUS change is one that takes place by itself.
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Chemistry - Nonspontaneous Change
NONSPONTANEOUS change can be made to take place by supplying energy.
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Chemistry - <=> symbol
<=>: This symbol is used for the double arrow of an equilibrium reaction.